Circuit

Introduction

• What is a circuit? A closed loop through which electric current can flow.

• Components of a circuit: Sources of electrical energy, conductors, resistors, switches, and other components.

Electrical Current

• Definition: The flow of electric charge.

• Units of current: Amperes (A).

• Factors affecting current: Voltage, resistance.

Electrical Resistance

• Definition: The opposition to the flow of electric current.

• Factors affecting resistance: Length of conductor, cross-sectional area of conductor, type of material.

• Ohm's law: The relationship between voltage, current, and resistance.

Series and Parallel Circuits

• Series circuits: Components connected one after another.

• Parallel circuits: Components connected side by side.

• The effects of adding components in series or parallel on the total resistance and current in a circuit.

Electrical Power

• Definition: The rate at which electrical energy is transferred.

• Calculation of power: P = IV.

• Units of power: Watts (W).

Electrical Safety

• Hazards of electricity: Electric shock, fires, and other dangers.

• Safety precautions: Using insulation, fuses, and circuit breakers.